![]() There was a parallel increase in this measurement with height, weight, and end-inspiratory lung volume. Physiological dead space was measured in 52 normal children using the Bohr equation and substituting a rebreathing PCO2 for alveolar PCO2. There was a linear increase in this measurement with height, weight, and end-inspiratory lung volume. Ventilation may exceed perfusion in parts of the lung resulting in increased physiological dead air space.Anatomical dead space was measured in 72 normal children aged from 5 to 16 years, using the single breath method. Air may reach the periphery of the lungs but fail to make contact with the capillary blood. The alveoli become permanently damaged (see video above).This is why breathlessness and fatigue are common symptoms of COPD. This extra effort can make the patient feel very tired. However, this does not mean that your oxygen levels are low because the breathing muscles around the chest are working harder to compensate. The respiratory muscles then have to work harder to get air in and out of your lungs. ![]() As the lungs become hyper-inflated they elongate and flatten, which means the diaphragm does not work as well as it should. ![]() As a result, air gets trapped in the lungs and the lungs get bigger (hyper-inflated). These changes cause the air sacs (alveoli) to close before you have fully exhaled. In emphysema, exposure to an irritant over many years causes an inflammation in the lungs which causes the following changes: Please note there is no audio for this animation
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